In 2023, Thailand’s power generation system generated 219,540.04 GWh, representing an increase of 7,792.66 GWh or 3.68% from 2022. The electricity was generated from diverse fuel sources, with natural gas remained the dominant source with 128,678.77 GWh (58.61%), followed by coal/lignite contributing 28,758.06 GWh (13.10%), renewable energy providing 22,867.18 GWh (10.42%), hydropower at 6,421.04 GWh (2.92%), and oil at 9.85 GWh (0.01%). Additionally, imported electricity amounted to 32,805.15 GWh (14.94%) (Figure 1.1).

        In 2023, Thailand’s total electricity consumption was 204,023 GWh, with an increase of 6,752 GWh or 3.31% from 2022. This growth was attributed to domestic economic recovery following the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as climate changes that resulted in higher average surface temperatures. By economic sector, the industrial sector had the highest consumption at 86,301.73 GWh (42.30%), followed by the residential sector at 57,738.51 GWh (28.30%), the business sector at 49,985.64 GWh (24.50%), and other sectors at 9,997.13 GWh (4.90%). The residential and business sector showed increases of 8.28%, and 12.61% respectively from the previous year. However, the industrial sector experienced a decline of 2.57%, potentially due to global economic slowdown, factory closures continuing from COVID-19 period and electricity provision from other sources e.g. solar energy (Table 1.1).

        In 2023, Thailand produced 22,867.18 GWh of electricity from renewable energy, an increase of 756.58 GWh or 3.42% from 2022. The largest source was biomass fuel, generating 11,391.61 GWh (49.81%), followed by solar energy at 4,823.61 GWh (21.09%), wind energy at 3,421.60 GWh (14.96%), waste energy at 2,265.65 GWh (9.91%), and others (including biofuels and hydropower) at 964.73 GWh (4.22%) (Fig. 1.2). Electricity production from solar energy accounted for 21.09% of total renewable energy electricity production and represented 2.20% of the country’s overall electricity production, which was similar to the proportion in 2022 (Table. 1.2).

        Thailand’s solar electricity production accounted for approximately 21.09% of total renewable energy generation and about 2.20% of the country’s overall electricity production. These proportions remained relatively consistent compared to those recored in 2022 (Table 1.2).